How do Nuclear project forgings ensure the safe operation of nuclear power plants under high temperature and high pressure environments?

1. Basic requirements of Nuclear project forgings
Nuclear project forgings mainly include metal parts produced by forging processes, which need to withstand environments such as high temperature, high pressure and radiation. In nuclear power plants, forgings are usually used for key equipment such as reactor pressure vessels, steam generators, and piping systems. In order to meet the high requirements of nuclear power plants for safety and stability, forgings must have the following basic characteristics:

High strength and high temperature resistance: The equipment of nuclear power plants operates at high temperatures for a long time. Therefore, forgings need to have high temperature strength and be able to maintain stable mechanical properties under long-term high temperature environments.
Radiation resistance: The radiation environment released by the nuclear reactors of nuclear power plants is extremely complex. Therefore, forgings must be able to withstand continuous radiation without material degradation or performance degradation.
Corrosion resistance: In the working environment of high pressure and high temperature, the equipment of nuclear power plants is often exposed to water vapor, chemical media, etc., which put forward strict requirements on the corrosion resistance of materials.
Long life and reliability: The equipment of nuclear power projects needs to be used for decades, and forgings must have high durability and long-term stability to ensure the continued safe operation of nuclear power plants.
2. Key materials and processes: alloy steels such as A182 F91
In the production process of Nuclear project forgings, the selection of alloy steel materials is crucial. Common materials include A182 F91, F92, F11, F22, F5 and F9, etc. These alloy steel materials have mechanical properties and can maintain their structure and strength under high temperature and high pressure environments.

A182 F91: This material is a high-alloy steel and is mainly used for key equipment parts that need to withstand high temperature and high pressure, such as nuclear reactor pressure vessels, steam generators, etc. A182 F91 has good thermal strength, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and can withstand working conditions inside nuclear power plants.
F92: F92 alloy steel is suitable for parts that require high heat resistance in nuclear power projects, especially in high-temperature steam environments. It not only has good mechanical properties, but also can maintain high crack resistance at high temperatures, ensuring the long-term safe use of equipment.
F11 and F22: These two materials are widely used in high-temperature equipment that is more common in nuclear power projects, such as piping systems and welded parts. Their creep resistance and corrosion resistance make them ideal for high-temperature components in nuclear power plants.
F5 and F9: These alloy steel materials are suitable for equipment in lower temperature and pressure environments, mainly used in auxiliary systems and certain piping components of nuclear power plants.

3. The key role of forging process
Forging is a process that deforms metal by heating it and applying mechanical pressure. Compared with casting, forging can significantly improve the internal structure of the material and improve its mechanical properties. For Nuclear project forgings, precise control of the forging process is crucial. Through forging, pores and impurities in the material can be effectively eliminated, the density and uniformity of the metal can be improved, and its resistance to high temperature, pressure, radiation, etc. can be enhanced.
High temperature forging: High temperature forging can deform the material under high temperature conditions, thereby improving its grain structure, making the material more uniform, and increasing strength and toughness.
Precision forging: Precision forging technology can achieve higher dimensional accuracy, ensure the fitting accuracy and surface quality of parts, reduce the difficulty of subsequent processing, and improve work efficiency.